Which classification is based on the types of soils present and their engineering properties?

The classification based on the types of soils present and their engineering properties is known as Site Class. This classification system is essential in geotechnical engineering and seismic design as it categorizes the soil types to assess their behavior under seismic loading. Site Class takes into consideration factors such as soil density, plasticity index, and shear wave velocity, which significantly influence how soil reacts during an earthquake. Understanding the Site Class is crucial for designing structures that can withstand seismic forces effectively.

In contrast, other classifications such as Seismic Design Category focus more on the seismic hazard level in an area rather than the specific soil types. Similarly, Sufficiently Active is a term often associated with fault activity rather than soil properties, while Spiling is related to a temporary support system used in construction and excavation, rather than soil classification. Each of these other terms serves different purposes in engineering and geology, which highlights the specificity of Site Class in relation to soil characteristics.